photo: Thomas W. Valente, Ph.D.
By Alison Trinidad
Be warned, popularity may
cause lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema.
New research from the University of Southern California (USC) and
University of Texas finds that popular students in seven Southern
California high schools are more likely to smoke cigarettes than their
less popular counterparts.
The study, which appears online this week in the Journal of Adolescent
Health, confirms trends observed in previous USC-led studies
of
students in the sixth through 12th grades across the United States and
in Mexico.
“That we’re still seeing this association more than 10 years later,
despite marginal declines in smoking, suggests that popularity is a
strong predictor of smoking behavior,” said Thomas W.
Valente, Ph.D.,
professor of preventive medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC
and lead author of three prior studies on the subject.
In the newest study, Valente and colleagues asked 1,950 students in the
ninth and 10th grades in October 2006 and 2007 whether they had ever
tried smoking, how frequently they had smoked in the past 30 days, how
many students their age they thought smoked cigarettes, how they
perceived their close friends felt about smoking, and who their five
best friends were at school. Popularity was measured by the frequency
that other respondents named a student as a friend.
The researchers found that those who believed their close friends
smoked were more likely to also smoke, even if their perception was
incorrect. Popular students became smokers earlier than the less
popular. And students who became smokers between the ninth and 10th
grade were more likely to form friendships with other smokers.
Surprisingly, student perception of the norm (i.e., out of 100 students
your age, how many do you think smoke cigarettes once a month or more?)
was less likely to influence smoking than the perceived behavior of
their close friends.
In a 2012 study that appeared in Salud
Pública de México, the
bi-monthly journal published by the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
(National Institute of Public Health), Valente and colleagues at the
Mexican Social Security Institute surveyed 399 teenagers at a high
school in Jalisco. Two other studies—one in 2005 that polled 1,486
students in the sixth and seventh grades across Southern California and
another in 2001 that polled 2,525 high-school students across the
United States—also appeared in the Journal
of Adolescent Health.
“Adolescence is a time when students turn to others to figure out what
is important. These are four different samples, now, coming from
different places — and the finding is consistent,” Valente said.
The study, “A comparison of peer influence measures as predictors of
smoking among predominately Hispanic/Latino high school adolescents,”
was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, grant DA016310.