{"id":10254,"date":"2026-06-01T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/?p=10254"},"modified":"2026-06-03T12:00:22","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T19:00:22","slug":"e-cigarette-flavor-and-device-type-play-a-key-role-in-vaping-related-molecular-changes-study-finds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/e-cigarette-flavor-and-device-type-play-a-key-role-in-vaping-related-molecular-changes-study-finds\/","title":{"rendered":"E-cigarette flavor and device type play a key role in vaping-related molecular changes, study finds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"text-container\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--eyebrow\">\n\n    \n  <span>Press Release<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n  <h1>E-cigarette flavor and device type play a key role in vaping-related molecular changes, study finds<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  <p>Researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of USC compared changes in gene expression among vapers, smokers and non-users to investigate molecular pathways linked to cancer and other diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"meta\">\n                  <span class=\"author\">Zara Abrams<\/span>\n        \n                  <span class=\"date\">June 01, 2026<\/span>\n              <\/div>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--embed\">\n\n    \n  <div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing\" data-heateor-ss-offset=\"0\" data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/e-cigarette-flavor-and-device-type-play-a-key-role-in-vaping-related-molecular-changes-study-finds\/'><div 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2.75z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"heateorSssClear\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n        \n  <\/div>\n\n          \n<div class=\"f--field f--image\">\n\n    \n    \n    \n        <figure>\n    \n    \n    \n              \n      <img\n                            data-src=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2026\/05\/iStock-2157586248-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2026\/05\/iStock-2157586248-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2026\/05\/iStock-2157586248-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2026\/05\/iStock-2157586248-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n        alt=\"Several multi-colored electronic cigarettes lie on a light table.\"\n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n          <figcaption><p>Photo\/iStock<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n    <\/figure>\n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text white\"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n        \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">People who vape regularly show altered activity in 3,124 genes across the genome compared with people who do not smoke or vape. While some of those changes (28.8%) relate to how often or how much people vape, a much greater portion (66.6%) is linked to the type of flavors and devices they use. The findings, just published in the journal <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1838256\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frontiers in Oncology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, underscore the role of flavor and device type in the biological effects of vaping and could have regulatory implications as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) moves to approve marketing of flavored vapes.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"float: right;width: 240px;height: 427px;margin-left: 15px;margin-bottom: 10px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tyw_zGmf-Pk\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><br \/>\n<\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Because vapes, or e-cigarettes, are relatively new, their long-term health risks remain unclear. While chronic diseases take decades to emerge, changes in expression of disease-related genes can provide early clues about the potential harms of vaping. Past research has already shown that vaping, similar to smoking, is <a href=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/e-cigarette-users-show-cancer-linked-genetic-changes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">linked to changes in gene expression<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> involved in the development of cancer, as well as certain heart and lung diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOne major question still remains: What is driving these changes? Is it the act of vaping itself\u2014or is it the intensity and duration of vaping, the characteristics of the products used, or some combination of these?\u201d said <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/faculty-search\/ahmad-besaratinia\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ahmad Besaratinia, PhD<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, professor of research population and public health sciences at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Keck School of Medicine of USC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and senior author of the study, which was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To answer that question, Besaratinia and his colleagues compared changes in gene expression among 83 people, including vapers, smokers and non-users. They found that two-thirds of changes in gene activity could be explained by vape flavor and device type, suggesting the chemical makeup of vaping products and the design and configuration of devices play a major role in their biological effects. Among vapers, those who used fruit flavors or multiple flavors, as well as advanced refillable devices (often called \u201cmods\u201d), showed more changes in gene expression compared with other groups.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe implication is that each flavor has unique attributes that produce different biological effects,\u201d Besaratinia said. \u201cThis is something regulators should carefully consider when evaluating the health risks or potential benefits of each flavored e-cigarette product.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Comparing gene expression<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the study, researchers recruited 35 vapers, 24 smokers and 24 non-users, including both men and women. Participants were healthy young adults and researchers used statistical methods to account for differences in age and sex when they analyzed data on gene expression.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers collected oral cell samples from the inside of each participant\u2019s cheek. Using RNA sequencing, the researchers examined activity across thousands of genes at the same time, including how changes in one gene may affect other genes or the network of genes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Compared with people who did not smoke or vape, vapers had altered expression in 3,124 genes. Vapers showed more variable patterns of gene activity than smokers\u2014and drilling down into product details helps explain why.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The analysis showed that different vape flavors produced different changes in gene regulation. Sweet flavors were linked to changes in 2.9% of affected genes; mint\/menthol flavors to changes in 0.9% of affected genes; fruit flavors to changes in 31% of affected genes; and multiple flavors to changes in 64.3% of affected genes. In addition, higher-generation devices such as mods were associated with the strongest and most consistent changes in gene regulation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThese product differences explained more of the variation in gene regulation than how much or how often people vaped,\u201d Besaratinia said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers also conducted a sophisticated bioinformatics analysis to identify the molecular processes, biological pathways and diseases linked to the gene expression changes they observed. Among vapers, cancer was linked to the highest number of gene expression changes, followed by endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal diseases and neurological diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Minimizing harm<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The new findings have particular relevance as the FDA finalizes guidance on flavored e-cigarette products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cRegulators have been tasked with verifying that the benefits of using e-cigarettes for adults outweigh the risks posed to youth,\u201d Besaratinia said. \u201cBut we show here that vaping flavored products is associated with disease-related molecular changes, regardless of the user\u2019s age.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers recommend regulators evaluate products in a more granular way, with greater attention to flavors and device characteristics. Mods and other newer devices can deliver higher nicotine levels than earlier-generation vapes. Many also contain potentially toxic additives designed to make vaping smoother and more appealing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Besaratinia and his colleagues are now conducting a follow-up study of the chemicals used in vaping liquid to determine which compounds are linked to changes in gene expression.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOnce we identify these chemicals, policymakers could instruct manufacturers to either eliminate these chemicals or reduce their level in e-cigarette products to minimize potential harm,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>About this research<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to Besaratinia, the study\u2019s other authors are Jessica George, Niccolo Pabustan, Daria M. Kessler and Zairah L. Thomas from the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California; and Stella Tommasi, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati and Kimberly D. Siegmund from the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This work was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health [R01DE031863, R21DA058342] and the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program [T31IR1839, T32IR5144, T33IR6680]<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":278,"featured_media":10255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[10,81,446,212,20,86],"class_list":["post-10254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release","tag-cancer","tag-department-of-population-and-public-health-sciences","tag-homepage","tag-promoted","tag-research","tag-usc-norris-comprehensive-cancer-center"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>E-cigarette flavor and device type play a key role in vaping-related molecular changes, study 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