{"id":1105,"date":"2016-08-01T15:51:30","date_gmt":"2016-08-01T22:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/new-brain-map-could-enable-novel-therapies-for-autism-and-huntingtons-disease-2\/"},"modified":"2023-11-19T12:13:51","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T20:13:51","slug":"new-brain-map-could-enable-novel-therapies-for-autism-and-huntingtons-disease-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/new-brain-map-could-enable-novel-therapies-for-autism-and-huntingtons-disease-2\/","title":{"rendered":"New Brain map could enable novel therapies for autism and Huntington\u2019s disease"},"content":{"rendered":"\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n\n \n Press Release<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n
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New Brain map could enable novel therapies for autism and Huntington\u2019s disease<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n
\n Zen Vuong<\/span>\n \n August 01, 2016<\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
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To understand how information is communicated throughout the brain, the mouse connectome project (MCP) uses multiple fluorescent-labeled dyes to trace the connections among all identified structures of the mouse brain. The dyes get injected into specific brain structures and get transported to target structures that are connected with the injection site. This image is one 50 micrometer-thick section of the mouse brain that contains labeling from three dyes injected into three different brain structures, indicating the unique connections of each injection.<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n \n \n \n\n<\/div>\n \n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Keck School of Medicine of USC scientists have mapped an uncharted portion of the mouse brain to explain which circuit disruptions might occur in disorders such as Huntington\u2019s disease and autism.
\nHong-Wei Dong, MD, PhD, an associate professor of neurology at the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) in the USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, and his colleagues have been sketching a road map of the mouse brain for the past decade. Their most recent study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience on June 20, looked at the connections of a part of the brain that is responsible for motor learning, the dorsal striatum, which is stationed near the front of the brain.
\nScientists injected fluorescent molecules into about 150 mouse brain structures and used a high-resolution microscope to document the molecules as they moved through the brain\u2019s \u201ccellular highways,\u201d which need to be in tip-top shape for different parts of the brain to communicate and coordinate behaviors. In the previously unsurveyed dorsal striatum, Keck School researchers were able to identify 29 distinct areas responsible for things such as eye movement, mouth and facial movements and pain information processing. They also located hubs that coordinate complex limb movements.
\nParkinson\u2019s disease, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and many other movement disorders involve connections of this brain region, said Dong, senior author of the study. Researchers in the Dong Lab followed circuitry paths from beginning to end in the same way someone might pick up a ball of yarn and slowly unravel it.
\n\u201cThis study moves researchers to the next level to help them understand how the brain circuit is disrupted,\u201d Dong said. \u201cPreviously the dorsal striatum was one huge thing. It\u2019s almost like telling someone they should come visit you in California. Where should they go? We have really narrowed it down \u2013 I live in North Hollywood in this apartment building. That will help people in the future to really understand the pathways for diseases with specific symptoms.\u201d
\nEarly symptoms of Huntington\u2019s disease, for example, include slow or abnormal eye movement and stuttering. Most patients experience depression and have psychiatric issues such as social withdrawal and insomnia, Dong said. His lab has subdivided the dorsal striatum so scientists can better predict problem areas in this brain structure and focus their research there.
\n\u201cOf course, humans and mice are different, but they are both mammals,\u201d Dong said. \u201cThe biggest differences reside in high-level cognition. So we can use the organization of the mouse brain to understand how human brains are organized.\u201d
\nAfter all, most scientific research begins at the mouse level. Understanding the mouse brain is of critical importance and will potentially lead to the development of new drugs and medical therapies.
\nThe cerebral cortex is the brain\u2019s CEO; it regulates higher-order functions such as motor learning and attention through its connections to brain structures such as the dorsal striatum, which is historically divided into just four regions. Today, Keck School researchers said they are the first to create the most comprehensive map of connections between the dorsal striatum and the cerebral cortex that is available for any mammal.
\n\u201cIf you have one big structure, it\u2019s very difficult to know which part is the problem area,\u201d said Houri Hintiryan, PhD, lead author and assistant professor of research at LONI. \u201cThis study shows 29 different parts of this brain region receiving information from the cerebral cortex. We\u2019re providing a structural basis for studies seeking to understand which part of the brain does what.\u201d
\nThe big data project is publicly available at the Mouse Connectome Project and will aid in the leap toward precision medicine, Dong said. Next on his team\u2019s mapping list is the hippocampus, which is the center of emotion, memory and the autonomic nervous system. A detailed atlas of this area could further Alzheimer\u2019s disease research.
\n\u201cWith our brain map, researchers could look for circuitry-specific drug discovery,\u201d Dong said. \u201cNow we provide a very clear map to help people do stem cell research. They know exactly where to put stem cells.\u201d
\nDong chose to map the mouse brain so his lab could examine individual neurons and axons, gateways to neighboring neurons. In contrast, the human brain would look pixelated if the scientists zoom in for the detail needed to develop their meticulous maps.
\nMany scientists use big data to find answers to intractable problems such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease and PTSD. The university houses the Global Alzheimer\u2019s Association Interactive Network (GAAIN), which is the first usable online platform that provides scientists with Alzheimer\u2019s disease research data and tools. GAAIN contains data on more than 366,000 subjects and is home to the largest brain-mapping project in the world.
\nThe study was supported by the National Institutes of Health\/National Institutes of Mental Health (MH094360-01A1), NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Initiative grant (U01CA198932-0), a subcontract from one NIH BRAIN Initiative grant (U01MH106008-01), the CHDI Foundation and the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging Resource (EB015922).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":1106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[79,80,20],"class_list":["post-1105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release","tag-neuroimaging-and-informatics","tag-neurology","tag-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNew 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