{"id":1110,"date":"2016-08-01T16:19:43","date_gmt":"2016-08-01T23:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/usc-training-launches-a-new-era-of-air-pollution-health-research-in-eastern-africa\/"},"modified":"2023-11-19T12:13:56","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T20:13:56","slug":"usc-training-launches-a-new-era-of-air-pollution-health-research-in-eastern-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/usc-training-launches-a-new-era-of-air-pollution-health-research-in-eastern-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"USC training launches a new era of air pollution health research in Eastern Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n\n \n Press Release<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n
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USC training launches a new era of air pollution health research in Eastern Africa<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n
\n Larissa Puro<\/span>\n \n August 01, 2016<\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
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Eastern Africa GEOHealth Hub researchers test each others\u2019 lung function results during a training to use devices called spirometers. From left, Lynn Atuyambe, PhD, Associate Professor at Makerere University College of Health Sciences in Uganda; Augustine Afullo, PhD, MSc, MSc-WEM, MPhil, BSc, Associate Professor at University of Kabianga in Kenya; Etienne Rugigana, PhD, Lecturer and Head of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Department at University of Rwanda School of Public Health; Abera Kumie Takele, MD, PhD, Associate Professor & Head of Environmental and Occupational Sciences at Addis Ababa University School of Public Health in Ethiopia; and Steve Howland, Field Team Project Manager for USC Children\u2019s Health Study.<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n \n \n \n\n<\/div>\n \n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Lead investigators from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda are collaborating with USC and Ethiopia\u2019s Addis Ababa University to establish the Eastern Africa Global Environmental and Occupational Health (GEOHealth) Hub \u2014 one of only seven in the world. Housed in Ethiopia, it is a research and training collaboration funded by a paired, five-year $3 million NIH-Fogarty grant awarded last year.<\/a>
\nData proving the adverse health effects of smog-choked urban centers and indoor cook stoves, for example, are vital to prove the urgency \u2014 and necessity \u2014 of government action, according to USC principal investigators Kiros Berhane, PhD, professor of preventive medicine and director of graduate programs in biostatistics and epidemiology, and Jonathan Samet, MD, director of the USC Institute for Global Health and distinguished professor and Flora L. Thornton chair of the preventive medicine department.
\nIn addition to health effects of air pollution, the hub focuses on occupational health and safety as well as climate change and health.
\n\u201cThese three environmental related issues are a big concern in Ethiopia as well as all parts of our countries in Uganda, Rwanda, and Kenya,\u201d said Abera Kumie, MD, PhD, associate professor and head of environmental and occupational sciences at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, and principal investigator of the overall hub. \u201cClimate is really affecting every country and heat stress is one component\u2014especially in indoor workplaces like greenhouses.\u201d
\nThe training curriculum at USC covered all aspects of the GEOHealth project, from air pollution monitoring to health assessment techniques. It focused especially on the health impacts on children, who are the most vulnerable to air pollution\u2019s health impacts.
\nThe African investigators presented findings from their countries\u2019 situational analysis and needs assessment reports, which identified critical gaps for research and policy. USC faculty discussed the evolution of air quality policies in the U.S. and shared insights from the USC Children\u2019s Health Study, which will be adapted and carried out in eastern Africa.
\nFor Augustine Afullo, PhD, professor of environmental health at Kenya\u2019s University of Kabianga and the country\u2019s lead GEOHealth investigator, the project brings his career full-circle. As a health researcher, he has coincidentally studied each of the earth\u2019s classical elements and how they impact health \u2014 water pollution, solid waste and soil pollution \u2014 and now, air pollution.
\nKenyans know the realities of climate change, he said \u2014 and respiratory health is especially concerning in the rapidly urbanizing country.
\nThe capital, Nairobi, hosts nearly 10 percent of Kenya\u2019s population of more than 47 million. Following a 2011 act passed by Parliament to support governance in urban areas, people have been moving to rapidly developing city centers.
\n\u201cWhereas respiratory problems have, until now, only been in Nairobi, we are at a level now where there will be 47 Nairobis in Kenya,\u201d Afullo said.
\nThe situation is similar in all four of the hub\u2019s eastern African countries.
\nDespite the work ahead, the researchers remain optimistic. \u201cWith evidence and a research-based approach to policy change, we are likely to influence policy because our partners are very key and very keen on this project,\u201d Afullo said. In addition to schools and hospitals, the GEOHealth hub strategically engages government ministries in the research so, with understanding of the process, they may act as change agents in their countries\u2019 policies.
\nNext, the researchers will install air monitors in schools to measure air pollution and use special instruments called spirometers to measure children\u2019s lung function, starting with Ethiopia and then followed by Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda in subsequent years. They will also partner with hospitals to compare daily mortality data with air pollution levels to better understand the health impacts of air pollution.
\nPartners from the South Coast Air Quality Management District, a regional air pollution control agency, trained the team to use particulate monitoring stations, known as Beta Attenuation Monitors \u2014 BAMs \u2014 which will be installed to monitor air quality in each of the capital cities. AQMD also instructed the investigators about processes for translating findings into policy.
\nThe GEOHealth Hub brings active research to a previously dormant field in eastern Africa. \u201cIt presents the opportunity to ask us researchers and teachers to expand our research profile,\u201d Afullo said, explaining he believes he will be a better teacher from this experience. \u201cIt\u2019s easier to teach when there are live examples to cite; my students will see an opportunity to engage directly in this live research.\u201d
\nIn addition, the hub re-frames issues that hadn\u2019t been connected to health previously. \u201cIn Kenya we\u2019ve had a challenge of tending to over-own some sectors,\u201d Afullo said. \u201cLike public health, somehow, has been interpreted to mean specific diseases \u2014 like HIV\/AIDS and malaria.\u201d
\nThis left some other problems neglected entirely, especially environmental health.
\n\u201cSomehow, we minimized, we reduced the scope of public health and wanted to look at it like an extension of curative medicine,\u201d Afullo said. But the Eastern Africa GEOHealth Hub presents a game-changing opportunity \u2014 for scientists to appreciate the value of the interaction between environment \u2014 in this case, air pollution \u2014 and health.
\nThe Eastern Africa GEOHealth Hub is supported by the\u00a0U.S. National Institutes of Health\u2019s\u00a0Fogarty International Center, the\u00a0National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the\u00a0Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Canada\u2019s\u00a0International Development Research Centre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":1111,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[81,20],"class_list":["post-1110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release","tag-department-of-population-and-public-health-sciences","tag-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUSC training 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