{"id":2892,"date":"2019-07-15T13:26:51","date_gmt":"2019-07-15T20:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/healthy-blood-vessels-may-be-the-answer-to-alzheimers-prevention\/"},"modified":"2023-11-19T12:33:57","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T20:33:57","slug":"healthy-blood-vessels-may-be-the-answer-to-alzheimers-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/healthy-blood-vessels-may-be-the-answer-to-alzheimers-prevention\/","title":{"rendered":"Healthy blood vessels may be the answer to Alzheimer\u2019s prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Healthy blood vessels may be the answer to Alzheimer\u2019s prevention<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n
\n Leigh Hopper<\/span>\n \n July 15, 2019<\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
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Scientists from the Keck School of Medicine of USC have presented their latest research findings at the\u00a0Alzheimer\u2019s Association International Conference.<\/h2>\n

The research shows that damaged capillaries in the brain \u2014 independent of plaques and tangles of abnormal proteins \u2014 may set the stage for Alzheimer\u2019s decades before memory problems emerge.<\/p>\n

How understanding the blood-brain barrier can help with Alzheimer\u2019s prevention<\/h3>\n

\u201cThe fact that we\u2019re seeing the blood vessels leaking, independent of tau and independent of amyloid, when people have cognitive impairment on a mild level, suggests it could be a totally separate process or a very early process,\u201d says Berislav Zlokovic, MD, PhD<\/a>, and director of the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute<\/a> at the Keck School.<\/p>\n

In healthy brains, the cells that form the walls of capillaries fit tightly together to form a barrier that keeps stray cells, pathogens, metals and other unhealthy substances from reaching brain tissue. Scientists call this the blood-brain barrier. In some aging brains, the seams between cells loosen, blood vessels become permeable and neurons begin to die.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve also learned that pericytes, a type of cell in the blood-brain barrier, not only help push blood through the brain but also secrete a substance that protects neurons,\u201d Zlokovic says.<\/p>\n

Brain imaging is essential to understanding dementia<\/h3>\n

Zlokovic works closely with Arthur Toga, PhD<\/a>, a world leader in mapping brain structure and functioning, who directs the USC Mary and Mark Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute at the Keck School.<\/p>\n

\u201cBrain imaging is integral to studying Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In visualizing the blood-brain barrier in people, we actually can see and measure changes where the barrier breaks down,\u201d Toga says. \u201cWe\u2019ve been able to correlate greater leakage with increased cognitive decline.\u201d<\/p>\n

In addition, brain imaging is allowing Toga to detect changes, potentially indicative of disease, in the spaces around blood vessels in the brain. Known as perivascular spaces, they help drain fluid and metabolic waste from the brain.<\/p>\n

Pollution, diabetes and healthy brains<\/h3>\n

Other USC scientists are also working at the intersection of blood vessels and brain health, including Diana Younan, a senior research associate in the Department of Population and Public Health Sciences at the Keck School. She studies the link between air pollution and dementia. The exact mechanism isn\u2019t fully understood; for instance, does fine particle pollution penetrate the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate brain tissue? Is it a matter of pollution triggering inflammation?<\/p>\n

In her recent research, Younan looked at this association and explored the protective effects of higher levels of education, physical activity and challenging work \u2014 all of which contribute to \u201ccognitive reserve,\u201d or resilience in the brain\u2019s function. When she and her colleagues studied people exposed to fine particle pollution, they found that higher levels of cognitive reserve seemed to protect against dementia.<\/p>\n

\u201cHere in Los Angeles, you can\u2019t really avoid air pollution,\u201d Younan says. \u201cSo, if people are staying involved in mentally stimulating activities, it could decrease the risk of memory problems later on.\u201d<\/p>\n

Daniel Nation, an assistant professor of psychology at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, found that patients with untreated diabetes developed signs of Alzheimer\u2019s disease 1.6 times faster than people who did not have diabetes. One theory is that diabetes treatment may keep the brain\u2019s blood vessels healthy, staving off dementia.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s clear that the medicines for treating diabetes make a difference in the progression of dementia,\u201d Nation says. \u201cBut it\u2019s unclear how exactly those medications slow or prevent the onset of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, so that is something we need to investigate.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n 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