{"id":687,"date":"2016-03-15T16:31:40","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T23:31:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/usc-stem-cell-mini-symposium-introduces-next-generation-researchers\/"},"modified":"2023-11-19T12:10:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T20:10:03","slug":"usc-stem-cell-mini-symposium-introduces-next-generation-researchers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/usc-stem-cell-mini-symposium-introduces-next-generation-researchers\/","title":{"rendered":"USC Stem Cell mini-symposium introduces next-generation researchers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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USC Stem Cell mini-symposium introduces next-generation researchers<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n \n \n
\n Cristy Lytal<\/span>\n \n March 15, 2016<\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
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From left, Hsiang-Ying (Sherry) Lee, Sergei Doulatov, Leonardo Morsut, Alexander Pollen and Joan Font-Burgada (Photo by Cristy Lytal)<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n \n \n \n\n<\/div>\n \n\n <\/div><\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\n\n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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The next generation of scientists is turning to stem cells to advance our understanding of systems ranging from the blood to the brain, from the liver to the lungs. Six of these scientists presented their research at the Junior Faculty Candidate Mini-symposium hosted by USC\u2019s Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, held on February 10 and March 8.
\nAlexander Pollen from the University of California, San Francisco, addressed a fascinating chapter in the history of life on Earth: the evolution of the human brain over the last six million years. He discussed how neural stem cells contribute to brain development, how a particular genetic variation may be responsible for increasing brain size and improving learning in humans, and how scientists can use stem cells to learn more about this complex organ.
\n\u201cWhen we compare the human brain with the brain of other mammals, we can ask what\u2019s special about our brains,\u201d he said. \u201cWhat I\u2019m interested in studying is the molecular basis for specializations of the human brain, such as cerebral cortex expansion, over the last six million years.\u201d
\nSergei Doulatov from Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School explained how to use stem cells to model anemia in a petri dish. He exposed these cells to drug-like compounds, one of which suggested a way to treat a form of the disease known as Diamond-Blackfan anemia.
\n\u201cYou can get patient-derived [stem] cells very easily and use these cells to differentiate into abundant patient-specific progenitor [cells], which then can be put back into patients as a form of cell therapy,\u201d he said. \u201cIn the meantime, we\u2019re also thinking hard about how we can use these cells for disease modeling and drug screens.\u201d
\nHsiang-Ying (Sherry) Lee from the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research offered an equally sanguine view of the potential of blood progenitor cells to treat anemia. She described how environmental and molecular signals trigger these progenitor cells to self-renew by replicating themselves, or to differentiate into red blood cells and other mature cells.
\n\u201cThe questions that I\u2019m most interested in are: How do the stem cells and progenitor cells integrate different environmental signals to make the binary cell decision to self-renew or to differentiate? And how can self-renewal capacity be manipulated for therapeutic purposes?\u201d asked Lee.
\nJoan Font-Burgada from the University of California, San Diego, discussed another regenerative cell type: liver cells, which are helpful when they repair injuries, but harmful when they cross the line into cancerous proliferation. He identified a group of highly regenerative liver cells, dubbed hybrid hepatocytes, with great potential for transplantation to treat liver disorders. He also illuminated the genetic signals that unleash cholangiocarcinoma, an aggressive bile duct cancer.
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\"Purushothama
Purushothama Rao Tata (Photo by Cristy Lytal)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\u201cMy general scientific interest is this relationship between tissue regeneration and cancer development,\u201d he said, \u201cand specifically in the liver, the association between chronic liver disease and liver cancer development.\u201d
\nPurushothama Rao Tata from Massachusetts General Hospital also touched on the nexus between regeneration and cancer. He highlighted how lung cells maintain a high degree of \u201cplasticity,\u201d or the ability to become other cell types in health, injury, and cancer development, also known as tumorigenesis.
\n\u201cLooking at all my studies \u2014 for example, in cellular plasticity, cell-cell communication, and in this tumorigenesis process \u2014 one thing I notice is there is an inter-conversion between each cell type,\u201d he said. \u201cFor example, a secretory cell [that produces mucus] can turn into a basal cell [that lines the lungs]. Or lung tissue can actually turn into [cell types] seen in the stomach and [the section of the small intestine known as the] duodenum. So what I\u2019m trying to say here is that these tissues, they\u2019re trying to inter-converge into one of the other types in pathological conditions.\u201d
\nExpanding the conversation to the field known as \u201csynthetic biology,\u201d Leonardo Morsut from the University of California, San Francisco, introduced \u201csynNotch,\u201d a group of synthetic signals that can direct the behavior of cells. Scientists can use synNotch to elicit specific cell responses \u2014 such as differentiating into other cell types and organizing into structures. Eventually, synNotch or a similar system could enable scientists to engineer and study tissues with special properties, such as enhanced injury resistance or regenerative capacity.
\n\u201cOf course, when you start to build tissues, you want to start building useful tissues, and the whole discipline devoted to that is tissue engineering,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd I really think synthetic biology can help by adding another layer of control to provide useful and user-defined tissue structures.\u201d
\nAndy McMahon, chair of the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, thanked these top candidates for junior faculty positions at USC for sharing their inspiring work.
\n\u201cI\u2019d just like to thank all of our speakers,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s been a spectacular day.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[20,436],"class_list":["post-687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release","tag-research","tag-usc-stem-cell"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUSC Stem Cell mini-symposium introduces next-generation researchers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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