{"id":9220,"date":"2025-08-19T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/?p=9220"},"modified":"2025-10-23T13:31:45","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T20:31:45","slug":"study-reveals-how-hpv-reprograms-immune-cells-to-help-cancer-grow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/study-reveals-how-hpv-reprograms-immune-cells-to-help-cancer-grow\/","title":{"rendered":"Study reveals how HPV reprograms immune cells to help cancer grow"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--article-hero \"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--article-hero\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"text-container\">\n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--eyebrow\">\n\n    \n  <span>Press Release<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--page-title\">\n\n    \n      <h1>Study reveals how HPV reprograms immune cells to help cancer grow<\/h1>\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--description\">\n\n    \n  <p>Using animal models, researchers from the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Keck School of Medicine of USC uncovered how cervical and throat cancers linked to the human papillomavirus evade the immune system, opening the door to new treatment strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n    \n          <div class=\"meta\">\n                  <span class=\"author\">Zara Abrams<\/span>\n        \n                  <span class=\"date\">August 19, 2025<\/span>\n              <\/div>\n    \n              \n<div class=\"f--field f--embed\">\n\n    \n  <div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing\" data-heateor-ss-offset=\"0\" data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/study-reveals-how-hpv-reprograms-immune-cells-to-help-cancer-grow\/'><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook\" 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data-src=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2025\/08\/iStock-1399931537-768x432.jpg\"\n          data-srcset=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2025\/08\/iStock-1399931537-1920x1080.jpg 1920w,https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2025\/08\/iStock-1399931537-1280x720.jpg 1280w,https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2025\/08\/iStock-1399931537-768x432.jpg 768w\"          data-sizes=\"(min-width:1200px) 75vw, (min-width:768px) 83vw, 100vw\"          class=\"lazyload\"\n        \n        alt=\"3D image of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) cells\"\n        \n                                      \/>\n\n    \n          <figcaption><p>Photo\/iStock<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n    <\/figure>\n    \n  \n  \n\n<\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"cc--component-container cc--rich-text white\"\n\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  >\n  <div class=\"c--component c--rich-text\"\n    \n      >\n\n    \n  <div class=\"inner-wrapper\">\n        \n<div class=\"f--field f--wysiwyg\">\n\n    \n  <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most common cancer-causing strain of human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV16, undermines the body\u2019s defenses by reprogramming immune cells surrounding the tumor, according to new research from the Keck School of Medicine of USC. In mice, blocking this process boosted the ability of experimental treatments for HPV to eliminate cancer cells. The results were just published in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jitc.bmj.com\/content\/13\/8\/e011915\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"float: right;width: 240px;height: 427px;margin-left: 15px;margin-bottom:10px\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LC58EKHNgOs\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><br \/>\n<\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">HPV16 causes more than half of cervical cancer cases and roughly 90% of HPV-linked throat cancers. It can be neutralized with the preventive vaccine Gardasil-9, but only if vaccination occurs prior to HPV exposure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers are now working to develop \u201ctherapeutic vaccines,\u201d which can be taken after HPV exposure\u2014for instance, following an abnormal pap smear or cancer diagnosis\u2014to trigger an immune response against infected cells by T-cells, a type of \u201cfighter\u201d cell that helps defend the body from disease. But these vaccines, now in clinical trials, have limited effectiveness\u2014and the new study helps explain why.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The research, funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, focuses on a signaling protein in the immune system with inflammatory properties called <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interleukin-23<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> IL-23. While IL-23 was previously implicated in cervical and throat cancers, its exact role was unclear. In a series of tests in mice and cell cultures, USC researchers found that two HPV proteins, E6 and E7, prompt nearby cells to release IL-23, which in turns prevents the body\u2019s T-cells from attacking the tumor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIn order to eliminate the cancer, T-cells need to proliferate and destroy infected cells. But IL-23 stops them from working effectively, so the tumor keeps growing,\u201d said the study\u2019s senior author, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/faculty-search\/w-martin-kast\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">W. Martin Kast, PhD<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, professor of molecular microbiology &amp; immunology, obstetrics &amp; gynecology, and otolaryngology and Walter A. Richter Cancer Research Chair at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/keck.usc.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Keck School of Medicine.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kast and his colleagues found that blocking IL-23 made an HPV therapeutic vaccine more effective because it let T-cells do their job: find and kill cancer. Antibodies that inhibit IL-23 are already FDA-approved for treating psoriasis and other conditions, offering a clear and potentially quick path to use in cancer treatment when they are combined with therapeutic vaccines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe fact that these antibodies are already FDA-approved for something else makes this approach promising\u2014and it also allows for rapid translation into the clinic,\u201d said Kast, who also co-leads the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tumor Microenvironment Program<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uscnorriscancer.usc.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>The role of IL-23<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers used a combination of cell cultures, mouse studies and genomic analyses to uncover IL-23\u2019s role in cancers caused by HPV16.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First, they implanted mice with HPV16 tumors, then delivered a therapeutic vaccine that caused the mice to develop specialized T-cells for fighting the tumor. They extracted these T-cells, then combined them with IL-23. When IL-23 was present, the T-cells had reduced capacity to multiply and destroy cancerous cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers then gave IL-23 neutralizing antibodies to mice with HPV16 tumors. Blocking IL-23 increased the number of T-cells around the tumor that could recognize and kill cancer. When combined with the HPV therapeutic vaccine, this approach triggered a stronger immune response and led to longer survival than either treatment on its own.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers also analyzed the RNA and chromatin (the DNA and proteins that control gene activity) of tumor cells to reveal precisely how HPV\u2019s E6 and E7 proteins increase IL-23 production. Understanding the biological mechanism is a key step toward better treatments for HPV-linked cancers, Kast said.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>New strategies for treatment<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The study offers insight into why therapeutic vaccines for HPV, now in clinical trials, have had limited success.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cTherapeutic vaccines do prompt the immune system to create HPV-specific T-cells, but they don\u2019t work well\u2014and now we have an idea why,\u201d Kast said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Combining experimental vaccines with IL-23 neutralizing antibodies could significantly increase their effectiveness, he added. He and his team are now developing their own therapeutic vaccine, which they will test in combination with antibodies that block IL-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The findings may have implications for cancers not related to HPV, such as testicular and bladder cancers, where IL-23 is also found at high levels. Further research is needed to clarify what role IL-23 plays in those diseases, the researchers said.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>About this research<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to Kast, the study\u2019s other authors are Ruben Prins, Daniel Fernandez and Omid Akbari from the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California; and Diane Da Silva from the Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [R01 CA074397],, the American Association of Immunologists, R.F. Brennan, S. Bloch and I.Y. Khandros.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":278,"featured_media":9221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[10,596,446,169,20,628,86],"class_list":["post-9220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release","tag-cancer","tag-department-of-immunology-and-immune-therapeutics","tag-homepage","tag-latest","tag-research","tag-usc-caruso-department-of-otolaryngology-head-and-neck-surgery","tag-usc-norris-comprehensive-cancer-center"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - 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