Ali Khoshnan, PhD

Associate Professor of Research Physiology and Neuroscience

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Overview

We study the molecular pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD), a genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a polyglutamine repeat in huntingtin protein (HTT). Mutant HTT is amyloidogenic and forms neurotoxic assemblies, which disrupt various signaling pathways and promote neurodegeneration. Patients develop debilitating motor, psychiatric, and cognitive symptoms.

Areas of interest

•Use human neurons, brain organoids, mice and Drosophila models to identify pathogenic assemblies of mutant HTT, study the mechanism of how assemblies spread and propagate in the nervous system, and characterize the neuronal pathways, which regulate neurodegeneration in HD.

•Produce and engineer antibodies and nanobodies targeting the pathogenic conformations of mutant HTT for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

•Investigate the impact of microbiota-gut-brain pathways on the pathogenesis of HD in Drosophila and mouse models. In this project, we are characterizing the role of HTT in regulating microbial homeostasis in the gut, examining how mutant HTT disrupts these communications and triggers aberrant expression of genes implicated in brain development and physiology, and identifying the gut-brain circuits, which contribute to the onset of various HD symptoms.

•Develop gut-based therapies for HD.

Research Funding

  • Developing novel nanobody-based biosensors and therapeutics for Huntington?s Disease
    NIH · R21NS137242 · Apr 15, 2024 – Mar 31, 2026 · Role: Principal Investigator
  • Characterizing the Conformations and Neurotoxic Species of Huntingtin
    NIH · R01NS118859 · Jul 15, 2021 – Jun 30, 2026 · Role: Principal Investigator
  • Validation of IKKbeta as a therapeutic target for HD
    NIH · R01NS074374 · Sep 30, 2011 – Jun 30, 2017 · Role: Principal Investigator

Publications

  • Antibodies and intrabodies against huntingtin: production and screening of monoclonals and single-chain recombinant forms. Methods Mol Biol. 2013; 1010:231-51.. View in PubMed
  • Elevated IKKα accelerates the differentiation of human neuronal progenitor cells and induces MeCP2-dependent BDNF expression. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7):e41794.. View in PubMed
  • The role of IκB kinase complex in the neurobiology of Huntington’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2011 Aug; 43(2):305-11.. View in PubMed
  • IKK phosphorylates Huntingtin and targets it for degradation by the proteasome and lysosome. J Cell Biol. 2009 Dec 28; 187(7):1083-99.. View in PubMed
  • IKKalpha and IKKbeta regulation of DNA damage-induced cleavage of huntingtin. PLoS One. 2009 Jun 02; 4(6):e5768.. View in PubMed
  • Intrabodies binding the proline-rich domains of mutant huntingtin increase its turnover and reduce neurotoxicity. J Neurosci. 2008 Sep 03; 28(36):9013-20.. View in PubMed
  • Activation of the IkappaB kinase complex and nuclear factor-kappaB contributes to mutant huntingtin neurotoxicity. J Neurosci. 2004 Sep 15; 24(37):7999-8008.. View in PubMed
  • Antibodies against huntingtin: production and screening of monoclonals and single-chain recombinant forms. Methods Mol Biol. 2004; 277:87-102.. View in PubMed
  • Effects of intracellular expression of anti-huntingtin antibodies of various specificities on mutant huntingtin aggregation and toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jan 22; 99(2):1002-7.. View in PubMed
  • The physical association of protein kinase C theta with a lipid raft-associated inhibitor of kappa B factor kinase (IKK) complex plays a role in the activation of the NF-kappa B cascade by TCR and CD28. J Immunol. 2000 Dec 15; 165(12):6933-40.. View in PubMed