Kristian J. Carlson

Professor of Clinical Medical Education

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Overview

Kristian Carlson was trained as a biological anthropologist in a four-field doctoral program at Indiana University. He completed postdoctoral research in the Department of Anatomical Sciences at Stony Brook University (US) and in the Anthropological Institute and Museum at Zurich University (Switzerland).

His multidisciplinary research program combines comparative anatomy, locomotor mechanics, and bone biology to study form and function in the postcranial skeleton of extant primates, including humans, and human ancestors.

As a functional morphologist, he investigates behavioral correlates in the external and internal structure of limb bones from these groups. From a human health or clinical standpoint, this perspective enables understanding the role non-pharmaceutical factors (e.g., activity) may serve in skeletal maintenance, particularly in reducing or preventing unwanted bone loss. From an anthropological or paleontological standpoint, this perspective enables inferring behaviors in extinct organisms, which is particularly useful for reconstructing their behavioral repertoires. Such reconstructions are crucial pieces of evidence in documenting how extinct organisms engaged with their surrounding habitats, and how this interaction may have changed as environments shifted through geological time.

At USC, he teaches human gross anatomy to first and second year medical students in the Keck School of Medicine.

Education and Training

  • Indiana University, Bloomington, IN — Ph.D. — 09/2002 — Anthropology
  • Indiana University, Bloomington, IN — M.A. — 04/1999 — Anthropology
  • University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI — B.S. (High Honors) — 04/1994 — Anthropology
  • University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI — B.S. (High Honors) — 04/1994 — Anthropology-Zoology

Research Keywords

  • Functional morphology, locomotor mechanics, bone biology, primatology, and paleontology

Publications

  • Growing together: Developmental integration and modularity in the human talus-calcaneus complex. J Anat. 2026 Jun 25.. View in PubMed
  • Geographic and sex differences in the 3D configuration of the human parietal bone. Anthropol Sci. 2025; 133(2):65-78.. View in PubMed
  • The Ontogeny of the Human Calcaneus: Insights From Morphological and Trabecular Changes During Postnatal Growth. Am J Biol Anthropol. 2025 02; 186(2):e70007.. View in PubMed
  • Bipedalism or bipedalisms: The os coxae of StW 573. J Anat. 2026 Feb; 248(2):163-183.. View in PubMed
  • What do brain endocasts tell us? A comparative analysis of the accuracy of sulcal identification by experts and perspectives in palaeoanthropology. J Anat. 2024 02; 244(2):274-296.. View in PubMed
  • Morphological and evolutionary insights into the keystone element of the human foot’s medial longitudinal arch. Commun Biol. 2023 10 19; 6(1):1061.. View in PubMed
  • Ape femoral-humeral rigidities and arboreal locomotion. Am J Biol Anthropol. 2022 12; 179(4):624-639.. View in PubMed
  • Frontal sinuses and human evolution. Sci Adv. 2022 Oct 21; 8(42):eabp9767.. View in PubMed
  • Mechanical compensation in the evolution of the early hominin feeding apparatus. Proc Biol Sci. 2022 06 08; 289(1976):20220711.. View in PubMed
  • Unique foot posture in Neanderthals reflects their body mass and high mechanical stress. J Hum Evol. 2021 12; 161:103093.. View in PubMed